Chicago In-Text Citations (Parenthetical) | Polished Paper

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Chicago In-Text Citations (Parenthetical)

Chicago In-Text Citations

One author

Format

(Surname year, page number)

Example

(Smith 2013, 245)

Two authors

Format

(Surname and Surname year, page number)

Example

(Smith and Potter 2012, 45)

Three authors

Format

(Surname, Surname, and Surname year, page number)

Example

(Smith, Morris, and Potter 2011, 67)

Four or more authors

Format

 (Surname et al. year, page number)

Example

(Smith et al. 2010, 87)

Multiple works

Format

Cite multiple works in the order in which they are used.  If this does not apply, they can be cited in any order.  Separate each source with a semi-colon.

Example

(Smith et al. 2008, 78; Washington and Potter 2006, 35)

Indirect citations

Format

Avoid indirect citation in Chicago style. If you cannot, cite the original source in the text, and then list both sources in the bibliography with a cross reference.  For an example of a cross reference, see Chicago Bibliography.

Organizational author

Format

Initial citation: (Organization Name [acronym, if any] year, page number)

Subsequent citations: (Acronym year, page number)

Example

Initial citation: (American Medical Association [AMA] 2004, 265)

Subsequent citations: (AMA 2004, 265)

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